Resources for teachers / Materials on countering disinformation

Introduction to disinformation and memory conflicts

The Monument to the Soviet Army, Sofia, a day after it has been coloured in the colours of Ukrainian national flag and the inscription "Glory to Ukraine".
Introduction to disinformation and memory conflicts

Discover practical resources that help history teachers introduce students to disinformation, fake news, and conflicts of memory in the history classroom. This educational package offers ready-to-use lesson plans, expert materials, and interactive tools designed to strengthen students’ critical thinking and media literacy skills.

The following lesson package introduces students to the topics of disinformation and conflicts of memory. Students will learn the differences between disinformation, manipulation, and propaganda. The package includes:

  1. The short video How to Win a Memory War, which can serve as a lesson opener and discussion starter in the classroom.
  2. Two lesson plans that introduce students to the mechanisms of disinformation and encourage them to become more curious and vigilant about examples of historical manipulation around them.
  3. The guide No to Disinformation, where students will find numerous examples and practical tips on how to recognize false information.
  4. The article Disinformation and Fake News Versus Interpretational Disputes in History and Conflicts of Memory, which provides background reading for teachers and older students.
  5. A recording of the webinar How to Spot Historical Fake News? Resources and Tools for History Teachers.

Lesson Plans

Lesson plan

Selection of facts: how to create two different worlds from the same story
Lesson plan

How is a false story created? Mechanisms of disinformation and conflicts of memory

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Download all materials

Read on the website

Article

Disinformation and Fake News Versus Interpretational Disputes in History and Conflicts of Memory

Watch on the website

How to Win a Memory War?

What do Egyptian pyramids, triumphal arches and farms of internet trolls have in common? How can lying about the past benefit a country? Can you build a successful society on historical lies?
Watch our film, learn what memory wars are and find the unexpected solution to winning them.
‘How to Win a Memory War?’ is a part of the ENRS’s initiative ‘Hi-story Lessons’, a multilingual educational project, which aims at supporting the process of teaching and learning about 20th-century European history. It deals with the subject of memory wars and suggests ways of resisting historical disinformation – both as individuals and as societies.

Webinar - 'How to spot historical fake news? Resources and tools for history teachers'

During the webinar, we presented ready-to-use educational resources about disinformation and memory conflicts. Łukasz Kamiński explained how to verify information available online and showed that disinformation has been present in our communication for centuries. Historical disinformation is a very dangerous phenomenon. It can serve to destabilise the internal situation in individual states, provoke and intensify conflicts between them, and damage their international image. Suffice it to mention that the current war between Russia and Ukraine was preceded by a huge disinformation campaign using history as one of its pillars, the aim of which was not only to build a negative image of Ukraine, but also to weaken the role of the Central and Eastern European countries in the European Union. Fortunately, we are not helpless in the face of historical disinformation. The aim of the webinar was to highlight simple methods and resources available online to help verify information. By developing a few habits in students and teaching them the basic methods used by historians and journalists, we can increase the chances that they avoid being manipulated by the creators of disinformation. The meeting has been hosted by Urszula Bijoś (ENRS).

Łukasz Kamiński – historian, specialising in history of communism and anti-communist resistance. Assistant professor at the University of Wrocław. 2000–2016 at the Institute of National Remembrance, 2011–2016 as its President. 2017–2021 president of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience. Currently Director of the Ossolinski National Institute. Co-editor (with Grzegorz Waligóra) of the history of Solidarity (in six volumes, 2010).

Other lessons

Lesson

Contemporary Disinformation